x_tables is the name of the kernel module carrying the shared code portion used by all four modules that also provides the API used for extensions subsequently, Xtables is more or less used to refer to the entire firewall (v4, v6, arp, and eb) architecture. The term iptables is also commonly used to inclusively refer to the kernel-level components. It may also be found in /sbin/iptables, but since iptables is more like a service rather than an "essential binary", the preferred location remains /usr/sbin. On most Linux systems, iptables is installed as /usr/sbin/iptables and documented in its man pages, which can be opened using man iptables when installed. Iptables requires elevated privileges to operate and must be executed by user root, otherwise it fails to function. Different kernel modules and programs are currently used for different protocols iptables applies to IPv4, ip6tables to IPv6, arptables to ARP, and ebtables to Ethernet frames.
The filters are organized in different tables, which contain chains of rules for how to treat network traffic packets. Iptables is a user-space utility program that allows a system administrator to configure the IP packet filter rules of the Linux kernel firewall, implemented as different Netfilter modules.
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